![]() ![]() Ī common cause of chronic diarrhea includes inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn disease, and ulcerative colitis. In these circumstances, malnutrition plays an additional role in the development of diarrhea. However, certain other areas report six to eight episodes per year per child. ![]() ![]() In developing regions, an average of three episodes of diarrhea per child per year is reported in children less than 5 years old. Rotavirus vaccination programs have decreased the prevalence of diarrhea cases associated with rotavirus. Historically, rotavirus was the most common cause of severe disease in young children globally. Norovirus is associated with approximately one-fifth of all infectious diarrhea cases, with similar prevalence in both children and adults, and is estimated to cause over 200,000 deaths annually in developing countries. Hence, it is more clinically appropriate to use the term acute diarrhea as opposed to acute gastroenteritis. Examples of infectious diarrhea without enteritis include cholera and shigellosis. Additionally, enteritis is also not always present. The term gastroenteritis signifies both gastric and small intestinal involvement, whereas, practically gastric involvement is almost never seen in acute diarrhea even if it is the infective form of diarrhea. The term "acute gastroenteritis" is synonymously used with "acute diarrhea" however, the former is a misnomer. Prevention of infectious diarrhea includes proper handwashing to prevent the spread of infection. Rehydration therapy is an important aspect of the management of any patient with diarrhea. This distinction is important because treatment and management are based on the duration and specific etiology. Noninfectious etiologies become more common as the duration of diarrhea becomes chronic. Infection commonly causes acute diarrhea. However, chronic or persistent diarrhea is labeled when an episode lasts beyond 14 days. Diarrhea is the augmentation of water content in stools because of an imbalance in the normal functioning of physiologic processes of the small and large intestine responsible for the absorption of various ions, other substrates, and consequently water.Īcute diarrhea is described as the acute onset of three or more loose or watery stools a day lasting for 14 days or less. The normal value of water content in stools is approximately 10 mL/kg/day in infants and young children or 200 g/day in teenagers and adults. ![]()
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